Overview
SQL Server maintains error logs, which can be reviewed to troubleshoot issues related to SQL Server. The SQL Server Error Logs, as the name indicates, contain errors that SQL Server encountered as a result of an activity or task that was run manually or in an automated way.
Normally, it is the DBA or infrastructure team who investigates problems by reviewing SQL Server Logs and finding the cause of a task failure, so that it can be fixed and prevented next time.
Explanation
Error logs can be accessed under the Management node in SSMS and expanding the SQL Server Logs section. This includes a Current log, which is the most recent information, and also archived logs from previous time periods. You can double-click on one of the logs to see detailed information that has been collected.

Additional Information